【佳學基因檢測】膀胱癌的基因研究和分子標志物

腫瘤基因檢測有用嗎分析

分析泌尿科分子診斷與基因分析了解《Semin Surg Oncol》在. 1997 Sep-Oct;13(5):319-27.發(fā)表了一篇題目為《膀胱癌的基因研究和分子標志物》腫瘤靶向藥物治療基因檢測臨床研究文章。該研究由C Cordon-Cardo , J Sheinfeld, G Dalbagni等完成。促進了腫瘤的正確治療與個性化用藥的發(fā)展，進一步強調了基因信息檢測與分析的重要性。

腫瘤標志物研究內容關鍵詞：

原癌基因,顯性事件,抑癌基因,TP53,膀胱癌

腫瘤靶向治療基因檢測臨床應用結果

涉及細胞轉化和腫瘤進展的靶基因分為兩類：原癌基因，當被激活時，成為以功能獲得為特征的顯性事件，以及成為以功能喪失為特征的隱性事件的腫瘤抑制基因。原癌基因和腫瘤抑制基因的改變在人類癌癥中似乎同樣普遍。似乎需要多個突變來符合惡性表型。原癌基因主要由點突變激活；然而，擴增和易位事件也很常見。腫瘤抑制基因因等位基因缺失而失活，隨后剩余等位基因發(fā)生點突變。原型抑制基因是視網膜母細胞瘤（RB）基因和TP53（也稱為p53）基因。賊近的研究表明，TP53 和 RB 的失活發(fā)生在具有更具侵襲性的臨床結果和不良預后的膀胱腫瘤中。我們將回顧膀胱腫瘤中與癌基因和抑癌基因相關的分子異常，并討論其檢測的潛在臨床用途。實施客觀預測分析以識別臨床材料中的這些變化將增強我們評估腫瘤生物活性和設計有效治療方案的能力。

腫瘤發(fā)生與反復轉移國際數據庫描述：

Target genes implicated in cellular transformation and tumor progression have been divided into two categories: proto-oncogenes which, when activated, become dominant events characterized by the gain of function, and tumor suppressor genes which become recessive events characterized by the loss of function. Alterations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes seem equally prevalent among human cancers. Multiple mutations appear to be required to conform the malignant phenotype. Proto-oncogenes are activated mainly by point mutations; however, amplification and translocation events are also common. Tumor suppressor genes are inactivated by an allelic loss followed by a point mutation of the remaining allele. The prototype suppressor genes are the retinoblastoma (RB) gene and the TP53 (also known as p53) genes. Recent studies have shown that inactivation of TP53 and RB occur in bladder tumors that have a more aggressive clinical outcome and poor prognosis. We will review the molecular abnormalities associated with both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in bladder tumors, and also discuss the potential clinical use of their detection. The implementation of objective predictive assays to identify these alterations in clinical material will enhance our ability to assess tumor biological activities and to design effective treatment regimes.